El Niño 2026–27 in Nepal
There is no clear El Niño rainfall signal for Nepal in December–February. The forecast and the historical record are both close to normal.
Temperatures: likely warmer than the 1993–2016 average (88% chance).
El Niño status: El Niño Advisory (NOAA, 12 November 2026). Outlook: Copernicus, issued November 2026.
Outlook for the next six months
December–February
Rainfall: no clear signal
Temperature: likely warmer
February–April
Rainfall: no clear signal
Temperature: likely warmer
Away from the tropics, seasonal rainfall forecasts have limited skill. Treat small shifts in the odds as weak signals. “Normal” means the middle third of the model's own 1993–2016 range; because the climate has warmed since then, “warmer” is the usual result almost everywhere.
Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service seasonal forecast (Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) seasonal forecasts, ECMWF system 51), country average. How this is calculated.
Air quality, next 4 days
Worst forecast day: Biratnagar, 15 November 2026: Very Unhealthy (PM2.5 149.0 µg/m³, AQI 224).
| City | 11/15 | 11/16 | 11/17 | 11/18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kathmandu (capital) | 173Unhealthy | 130Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups | 134Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups | 144Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups |
| Lalitpur | 173Unhealthy | 130Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups | 134Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups | 144Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups |
| Hetauda | 173Unhealthy | 130Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups | 134Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups | 144Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups |
| Pokhara | 68Moderate | 70Moderate | 78Moderate | 98Moderate |
| Biratnagar | 224Very Unhealthy | 183Unhealthy | 184Unhealthy | 186Unhealthy |
AQI = US EPA 24-hour PM2.5 scale (2024). Model forecast for an area of about 40 km, not a local measurement. Local levels can be higher or lower. Dates are UTC days.
Source: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service global forecast, run 2026-11-14 00 UTC.
What happened in past El Niños
Each row compares El Niño seasons with all other years in 1979-2025, after removing the long-term trend.
| Season | Rainfall | Temperature |
|---|---|---|
| Dec–Feb | No consistent pattern (about 21% more rain on average) | No consistent pattern (−0.5 °C on average) |
| Jan–Mar | No consistent pattern (about 17% more rain on average) | No consistent pattern (−0.5 °C on average) |
| Feb–Apr | No consistent pattern (about 4% more rain on average) | No consistent pattern (−0.3 °C on average) |
| Mar–May | No consistent pattern (about 5% less rain on average) | No consistent pattern (−0.2 °C on average) |
| Apr–Jun | Drier in 6 of 8 El Niño seasons (about 16% less rain on average) | No consistent pattern (−0.4 °C on average) |
| May–Jul | Drier in 9 of 9 El Niño seasons (about 20% less rain on average) | No consistent pattern (−0.1 °C on average) |
| Jun–Aug | Drier in 7 of 8 El Niño seasons (about 9% less rain on average) | No consistent pattern (+0.1 °C on average) |
| Jul–Sep | Drier in 8 of 9 El Niño seasons (about 11% less rain on average) | No consistent pattern (+0.1 °C on average) |
| Aug–Oct | Drier in 10 of 12 El Niño seasons (about 10% less rain on average) | Cooler in 10 of 12 El Niño seasons (−0.4 °C on average) |
| Sep–Nov | Drier in 12 of 15 El Niño seasons (about 15% less rain on average) | No consistent pattern (−0.5 °C on average) |
| Oct–Dec | No consistent pattern (about 1% less rain on average) | Cooler in 11 of 15 El Niño seasons (−0.7 °C on average) |
| Nov–Jan | Wetter in 11 of 15 El Niño seasons (about 21% more rain on average) | Cooler in 11 of 15 El Niño seasons (−0.4 °C on average) |
Source: ERA5 monthly reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service); El Niño seasons from NOAA's Oceanic Niño Index. Method.
Official warnings
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM)
This is not an official forecast or warning. Seasonal outlooks give odds, not certainties. For warnings and decisions about safety, follow your national weather service.
What you can do
If it turns out hotter
- Check on older relatives, neighbours and anyone who lives alone during hot spells.
- Drink water regularly, and avoid hard outdoor work in the hottest hours.
- Know the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, headache, nausea) and when to get medical help.
On smoky or hazy days
- Check the daily air-quality forecast and cut down hard outdoor exercise when it is 'Unhealthy' or worse.
- A well-fitted N95 or KN95 mask reduces smoke exposure; cloth and surgical masks do much less.
- Keep windows closed and use an air purifier with a HEPA filter if you have one.
- People with asthma, heart or lung disease, older people, children and pregnant people should take extra care.
Get a free alert when this changes
Country alerts start in December 2026. Check back here, or see the status page for the next official update dates.
Nearby countries
Afghanistan · Bangladesh · Bhutan · India · Iran · Maldives · Pakistan · Sri Lanka
Sources and dates
- El Niño status: NOAA Climate Prediction Center, 12 November 2026.
- Seasonal outlook: Copernicus Climate Change Service, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) seasonal forecasts, ECMWF system 51, issued November 2026.
- Air quality: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, run 2026-11-14 00 UTC.
- Past El Niños: ERA5 (Copernicus Climate Change Service), 1979-2025; NOAA Oceanic Niño Index.
Cite this page: “El Niño 2026–27 in Nepal”, El Niño Atlas, https://elninoatlas.pages.dev/country/nepal/, updated 15 November 2026.
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